Optimal. Leaf size=205 \[ -\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5}-\frac {b \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{24 a x^4}+\frac {\left (5 b^2-12 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{96 a^2 x^3}-\frac {b \left (15 b^2-52 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{192 a^3 x^2}+\frac {\left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (5 b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x (2 a+b x)}{2 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}\right )}{128 a^{7/2}} \]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Rubi [A]
time = 0.25, antiderivative size = 205, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps
used = 7, number of rules used = 5, integrand size = 24, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.208, Rules used = {1934, 1965, 12,
1918, 212} \begin {gather*} \frac {\left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (5 b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x (2 a+b x)}{2 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}\right )}{128 a^{7/2}}-\frac {b \left (15 b^2-52 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{192 a^3 x^2}+\frac {\left (5 b^2-12 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{96 a^2 x^3}-\frac {b \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{24 a x^4}-\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
Rule 12
Rule 212
Rule 1918
Rule 1934
Rule 1965
Rubi steps
\begin {align*} \int \frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{x^6} \, dx &=-\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5}+\frac {1}{8} \int \frac {b+2 c x}{x^3 \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}} \, dx\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5}-\frac {b \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{24 a x^4}-\frac {\int \frac {\frac {1}{2} \left (5 b^2-12 a c\right )+2 b c x}{x^2 \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}} \, dx}{24 a}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5}-\frac {b \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{24 a x^4}+\frac {\left (5 b^2-12 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{96 a^2 x^3}+\frac {\int \frac {\frac {1}{4} b \left (15 b^2-52 a c\right )+\frac {1}{2} c \left (5 b^2-12 a c\right ) x}{x \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}} \, dx}{48 a^2}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5}-\frac {b \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{24 a x^4}+\frac {\left (5 b^2-12 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{96 a^2 x^3}-\frac {b \left (15 b^2-52 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{192 a^3 x^2}-\frac {\int \frac {3 \left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (5 b^2-4 a c\right )}{8 \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}} \, dx}{48 a^3}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5}-\frac {b \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{24 a x^4}+\frac {\left (5 b^2-12 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{96 a^2 x^3}-\frac {b \left (15 b^2-52 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{192 a^3 x^2}-\frac {\left (\left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (5 b^2-4 a c\right )\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}} \, dx}{128 a^3}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5}-\frac {b \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{24 a x^4}+\frac {\left (5 b^2-12 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{96 a^2 x^3}-\frac {b \left (15 b^2-52 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{192 a^3 x^2}+\frac {\left (\left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (5 b^2-4 a c\right )\right ) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{4 a-x^2} \, dx,x,\frac {x (2 a+b x)}{\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}\right )}{64 a^3}\\ &=-\frac {\sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{4 x^5}-\frac {b \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{24 a x^4}+\frac {\left (5 b^2-12 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{96 a^2 x^3}-\frac {b \left (15 b^2-52 a c\right ) \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}{192 a^3 x^2}+\frac {\left (b^2-4 a c\right ) \left (5 b^2-4 a c\right ) \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {x (2 a+b x)}{2 \sqrt {a} \sqrt {a x^2+b x^3+c x^4}}\right )}{128 a^{7/2}}\\ \end {align*}
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mathematica [A]
time = 0.58, size = 159, normalized size = 0.78 \begin {gather*} -\frac {\sqrt {x^2 (a+x (b+c x))} \left (\sqrt {a} \sqrt {a+x (b+c x)} \left (48 a^3+15 b^3 x^3+8 a^2 x (b+3 c x)-2 a b x^2 (5 b+26 c x)\right )+3 \left (5 b^4-24 a b^2 c+16 a^2 c^2\right ) x^4 \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt {c} x-\sqrt {a+x (b+c x)}}{\sqrt {a}}\right )\right )}{192 a^{7/2} x^5 \sqrt {a+x (b+c x)}} \end {gather*}
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maple [B] Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(386\) vs.
\(2(179)=358\).
time = 0.04, size = 387, normalized size = 1.89
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {\left (-52 a b c \,x^{3}+15 b^{3} x^{3}+24 a^{2} c \,x^{2}-10 a \,b^{2} x^{2}+8 a^{2} b x +48 a^{3}\right ) \sqrt {x^{2} \left (c \,x^{2}+b x +a \right )}}{192 x^{5} a^{3}}+\frac {\left (\frac {\ln \left (\frac {2 a +b x +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}}{x}\right ) c^{2}}{8 a^{\frac {3}{2}}}-\frac {3 \ln \left (\frac {2 a +b x +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}}{x}\right ) b^{2} c}{16 a^{\frac {5}{2}}}+\frac {5 \ln \left (\frac {2 a +b x +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}}{x}\right ) b^{4}}{128 a^{\frac {7}{2}}}\right ) \sqrt {x^{2} \left (c \,x^{2}+b x +a \right )}}{x \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}}\) | \(218\) |
default | \(\frac {\sqrt {c \,x^{4}+b \,x^{3}+a \,x^{2}}\, \left (48 c^{2} a^{\frac {5}{2}} \ln \left (\frac {2 a +b x +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}}{x}\right ) x^{4}+24 c^{2} \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}\, a b \,x^{5}-72 c \,a^{\frac {3}{2}} \ln \left (\frac {2 a +b x +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}}{x}\right ) b^{2} x^{4}-48 c^{2} \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}\, a^{2} x^{4}-30 c \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}\, b^{3} x^{5}-24 c \left (c \,x^{2}+b x +a \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} a b \,x^{3}+84 c \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}\, a \,b^{2} x^{4}+15 \sqrt {a}\, \ln \left (\frac {2 a +b x +2 \sqrt {a}\, \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}}{x}\right ) b^{4} x^{4}+48 c \left (c \,x^{2}+b x +a \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} a^{2} x^{2}+30 \left (c \,x^{2}+b x +a \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} b^{3} x^{3}-30 \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}\, b^{4} x^{4}-60 \left (c \,x^{2}+b x +a \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} a \,b^{2} x^{2}+80 \left (c \,x^{2}+b x +a \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} a^{2} b x -96 \left (c \,x^{2}+b x +a \right )^{\frac {3}{2}} a^{3}\right )}{384 x^{5} \sqrt {c \,x^{2}+b x +a}\, a^{4}}\) | \(387\) |
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Maxima [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Failed to integrate} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Fricas [A]
time = 0.37, size = 336, normalized size = 1.64 \begin {gather*} \left [\frac {3 \, {\left (5 \, b^{4} - 24 \, a b^{2} c + 16 \, a^{2} c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {a} x^{5} \log \left (-\frac {8 \, a b x^{2} + {\left (b^{2} + 4 \, a c\right )} x^{3} + 8 \, a^{2} x + 4 \, \sqrt {c x^{4} + b x^{3} + a x^{2}} {\left (b x + 2 \, a\right )} \sqrt {a}}{x^{3}}\right ) - 4 \, {\left (8 \, a^{3} b x + 48 \, a^{4} + {\left (15 \, a b^{3} - 52 \, a^{2} b c\right )} x^{3} - 2 \, {\left (5 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 12 \, a^{3} c\right )} x^{2}\right )} \sqrt {c x^{4} + b x^{3} + a x^{2}}}{768 \, a^{4} x^{5}}, -\frac {3 \, {\left (5 \, b^{4} - 24 \, a b^{2} c + 16 \, a^{2} c^{2}\right )} \sqrt {-a} x^{5} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {c x^{4} + b x^{3} + a x^{2}} {\left (b x + 2 \, a\right )} \sqrt {-a}}{2 \, {\left (a c x^{3} + a b x^{2} + a^{2} x\right )}}\right ) + 2 \, {\left (8 \, a^{3} b x + 48 \, a^{4} + {\left (15 \, a b^{3} - 52 \, a^{2} b c\right )} x^{3} - 2 \, {\left (5 \, a^{2} b^{2} - 12 \, a^{3} c\right )} x^{2}\right )} \sqrt {c x^{4} + b x^{3} + a x^{2}}}{384 \, a^{4} x^{5}}\right ] \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Sympy [F]
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt {x^{2} \left (a + b x + c x^{2}\right )}}{x^{6}}\, dx \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Giac [F(-1)] Timed out
time = 0.00, size = 0, normalized size = 0.00 \begin {gather*} \text {Timed out} \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________
Mupad [F]
time = 0.00, size = -1, normalized size = -0.00 \begin {gather*} \int \frac {\sqrt {c\,x^4+b\,x^3+a\,x^2}}{x^6} \,d x \end {gather*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
[In]
[Out]
________________________________________________________________________________________